Spc2608 Exam Two Study Guide

Section 24: Persuasive Speaking Goal: arrive at wanted finishes through a legitimate methods I. Influence ‘the art’ â€faculty of seeing in a given case the accessible methods for influence. Influence is representative, non-coercive (not constrained) impact 3 components: Contextâ€social, social, political atmosphere Agentâ€persuader Receiverâ€audience **Equal opp. To convince, Complete disclosure of agendasâ€let crowd know total rundown of objectives and how you mean to get crowd there, Critical receiversâ€have to comprehend what’s being said Responsible agentâ€takes correspondence seriouslyTake obligation regarding what is said and manage consequencesFosters educated choiceâ€gives all sidesAppeals to the best in peopleâ€not the worstConsider receiverAware of endeavors to influenceâ€be mindful of motivesInformed about significant topicsKnow their own biasesâ€know what inclines usâ€careful not to take part in protective listeningAware of techniques for persuasionInfluence the convictions, demeanor, and demonstrations of o thers Concentrate on inspiration: What spurs audience members? Make your message by and by significant Demonstrate the advantage of progress Set humble goalsTarget issues the crowd feels unequivocally about Establish credibilityII. Talks based upon contention, 3 types of requests: Logos, Ethos, PathosLogosâ€appeal to reason or rationale, *Aristotle wanted that all engaging done through LOGOS *Our capacity to express discernment, speaking to rationale and utilizing thinking to persuadeEthosâ€credibility, moral character. To build up speaker validity: * Present subjects truly, set up recognizable proof, shared characteristic, and altruism, utilize individual knowledgePathosâ€emotional conditions of audience.Pride, love, outrage and so forth rive our actionsâ€Done through clear symbolism **Aristotle stated: Two primary wellsprings of quick emotion= LOVE AND FEAR Syllogism†Major reason evident proclamation Minor premiseextension of significant premises rationale Conclusionderi ved from over two MAIN ONE: All people are mortal Socrates is human Socrates is mortal RHETORICAL SYLLOGISM=Enthymeme * Created by Aristotle * He asserts this imparts without saying EVERYTHINGâ€audience can fill in spaces * Idea is that we can fill in the clear ourselvesâ€that process is powerfulâ€us convincing ourselves 3 foundations of moral fitness:Credibility-certainty, character, ETHOS (as speaker)â€worthy of trust *Makes individuals need to hear us out, keep an eye on it with care Integrityâ€a condition of incorruptibilityâ€should signal that we are happy to abstain from trading off reality for individual practicality Stabilityâ€respect for other people, participation, selflessness Being crowd centeredâ€to whom and for whom, commendable, regarded, and regarded as individualsIII. Target audience needsMaslow’s progressive system of needsâ€each of us has an essential arrangement of necessities that go from significant to self-improving. Ex. To pe rsuade one to utilize safety belts, request to ones requirement for security. essential needs: Physiological, Safety, Social, Self-regard, and Self-actualizationIV. Mental EngagementCentral handling: genuinely think about your message, bound to act Peripheral preparing: Lack inspiration to pass judgment on contention dependent on meritsâ€most likely won’t experience significant change **For Central handling Link contention to handy concerns, present message at fitting degree of comprehension, show basic bond, stress credibilityV. Sound argumentsâ€offer end, proof, connection to reasoningClaim: states determination w/proof. A line of thinking is known as a warrant. Reality: Focus on truth/lie, what will/won’t happenâ€address issue with 2+ sides Value: Address judgment issues, right VS wrong Policy: suggest explicit course of actionâ€propose explicit result Deductive thinking: start with general guideline, use particulars, lead to end Inductive: from explicit to speculations supportedâ€evidence highlighting conclusionVI. Consistent deception: bogus articulation prompting invalid reasoningBegging the questionâ€argument expressed so it can't resist the opportunity to be valid, even without evidenceBandwagoningâ€uses unverified feeling as bogus evidenceEither-orâ€gives just two choices Ad hominem argumentâ€targets an individual and not the argumentRed herringâ€relies on immaterial reason for conclusionHasty generalizationâ€argument where, in a secluded occurrence, it demonstrates valid and is utilized to make an unjustifiable general conclusionNon sequiturâ€â€Å"does not follow† end doesn’t = reasoningSlippery slopeâ€fault supposition that one case will prompt occasions or actionsAppeal to traditionâ€Suggest crowd ought to concur b/c its â€Å"the way its continually been†Addressing guiding principle: Cultural standards, social premises, feelings **BE SENSITIVEVII. Monroe’sMotivate d succession: 5 stage process, stimulate audience consideration + end with call of actionâ€effective when you need crowd to do somethingStep 1 consideration, addresses center concerns, pertinence, believability, etc.Step 2 Need, portrays issue within reach, shows significance of needStep 3 Satisfaction, distinguish solutionâ€proposalStep 4 Visualization, vision of foreseen outcomeStep 5 Action, request that crowd demonstration in understanding to acknowledgment of message 4 mainstays of character:Trustworthinessâ€being legitimate, uncovering the genuine reason. Genuine and dependableRespectâ€recognize crowd individuals are uniqueâ€NO PERSONAL ATTACKS, permit crowd intensity of sound choiceResponsibilityâ€accountability for what we state and doâ€offering proper appealsFairnessâ€acknowledge all sides of issueâ€giving the crowd enough data to make a decision**In additionâ€Caring and Citizenship Caringâ€being kind and merciful Citizenshipâ€doing our p art as residents Chapter 16: Using LanguageI. Style * Simplicityâ€translate language into basic terms * Be conciseâ€use less words, use reiteration * Personal pronounsâ€Draw crowd in, support inclusion Concrete language VS Abstract Concrete: passes on explicit and unmistakable implications * Abstract: general, leaves significance to understanding Imageryâ€concrete language that paints pictures * Figures of discourse: allegories, likenesses, and analogies where words are utilized in nonliteral design to accomplish explanatory impact Code exchanging: specific utilization of vernacular that can give your discourse cordiality, humor, heartiness, wistfulness, and so on. Maintain a strategic distance from: * Malapropismsâ€incorrect employments of word where it seems like it fits * Biased language * Unnecessary JargonII. Voiceâ€active, demonstrates subject connection to activity Use socially touchy and sexually unbiased language, shows regard for convictions, standards, a nd customs Repetition to make rhythmâ€repeating catchphrases or expressions to make unmistakable musicality and authorize thought into psyches of audience members * Anaphora: Repeated expression at start of progressive expressions/provisos/sent. Ex. I Have A Dream-MLK Alliteration for wonderful qualityâ€Repetition of same sounds in 2+ neighboring words * Ex. â€Å"Down with dope, up with hope†-Jesse Jackson Parallelismâ€arrangement of words/phrases in comparative structure Helps to underscore significant thoughts of the discourse, makes rhythm* Ex. Orally numbering focuses Device of absolute opposite (One little advance for man, one monster jump for humankind) * Repeating a catchphrase in introduction, body, and end Chapter 25: Speaking on extraordinary events Speech that is set up for a reason directed by the event, can be enlightening or enticing **Commemorative speechâ€pays tribute with central reason to motivate crowd Employ imageryâ€stylistic gadgets, shif ted musicality * Antithesis, similar sounding word usage, sound similarity * Hyperboleâ€deliberately exaggerating in a whimsical manner * Analogy Use new languageâ€avoid abused expressions, select words that catch the idea * Avoid dullness, fluctuate beat, use humorWhen utilizing humor: * Familiarize self with gadgets of humorâ€exaggeration, iron, hostile to explanation, joke telling * Analyze our own abilities while conveying silly speechesâ€focus on what others believe is clever about you, not what YOU believe is interesting * Avoid humor pitfallsâ€steer away from anything hostile * Use silly regular experiencesâ€relatable Consider audienceâ€To whom/for whom we talk * Address crowd in manners that will impact them * Use state of mind to make a fitting message ** Meaning is made in the nexus among speaker and audienceI.Special Occasion Speech capacity To engage, celebrate, remember, rouse or set social plan * Entertainâ€listeners expect carefree, diverting d iscourse. Speaker offers level of knowledge on point * Celebrateâ€Speaker acclaims subject of celebrationâ€a level of function as per standards of the event * Commemorateâ€offer tribute and recollections * Inspireâ€ex. Debut address, key note discourse, commencementâ€motivate by instances of accomplishment * Set social agendaâ€articulation of objective/group’s values, ex. Pledge drives, meals, cause situated gatheringsII.Speech of Introduction: Warms up the crowd for fundamental speaker, uplift intrigue, and construct validity FOUR ELEMENTS foundation, subject of message, event, crowd * Speaker backgroundâ€achievements and realities demonstrating why speaker is important * Subject, Preview topicâ€sense of why subject is of intrigue, doesn't assess discourse or remark on it * Ask for crowd welcome * Be briefâ€2 minute max.III. Discourse of Acceptanceâ€response to an honor. Reason: offer thanks for respect * Prepared ahead of time * Express what th e honor intends to you, pass on its worth * Show appreciation, thank individuals by nameI